Compare Western Sahara (2008) - Saint Pierre and Miquelon (2002)

Compare Western Sahara (2008) z Saint Pierre and Miquelon (2002)

	Western Sahara (2008)	Saint Pierre and Miquelon (2002)

Administrative divisions	none (under de facto control of Morocco)	none (territorial collectivity of France); note - there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are two communes - Saint Pierre, Miquelon at the second order
Age structure	0-14 years: 45.4% (male 88,176/female 85,421) 15-64 years: 52.3% (male 98,345/female 101,895) 65 years and over: 2.3% (male 3,705/female 5,075) (2007 est.)	0-14 years: 25.4% (male 904; female 864) 15-64 years: 64.4% (male 2,288; female 2,193) 65 years and over: 10.2% (male 303; female 402) (2002 est.)
Agriculture - products	fruits and vegetables (grown in the few oases); camels, sheep, goats (kept by nomads); fish	vegetables; poultry, cattle, sheep, pigs; fish
Airports	9 (2007)	2 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 3 2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 (2007)	total: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 6 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 3 under 914 m: 2 (2007)	-
Area	total: 266,000 sq km land: 266,000 sq km water: 0 sq km	total: 242 sq km land: 242 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes eight small islands in the Saint Pierre and the Miquelon groups
Area - comparative	about the size of Colorado	1.5 times the size of Washington, DC
Background	Morocco virtually annexed the northern two-thirds of Western Sahara (formerly Spanish Sahara) in 1976, and the rest of the territory in 1979, following Mauritania's withdrawal. A guerrilla war with the Polisario Front contesting Rabat's sovereignty ended in a 1991 UN-brokered cease-fire; a UN-organized referendum on final status has been repeatedly postponed. In April 2007, Morocco presented an autonomy plan for the territory to the UN, which the U.S. considers serious and credible. The Polisario also presented a plan to the UN in 2007. Since August 2007, representatives from the Government of Morocco and the Polisario Front have met three times to negotiate the status of Western Sahara, with a fourth round of negotiations planned for March 2008.	First settled by the French in the early 17th century, the islands represent the sole remaining vestige of France's once vast North American possessions.
Birth rate	NA 39.95 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)	14.96 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Budget	revenues: $NA expenditures: $NA	revenues: $70 million expenditures: $60 million, including capital expenditures of $24 million
Capital	none time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)	Saint-Pierre
Climate	hot, dry desert; rain is rare; cold offshore air currents produce fog and heavy dew	cold and wet, with much mist and fog; spring and autumn are windy
Coastline	1,110 km	120 km
Constitution	-	28 September 1958 (French Constitution)
Country name	conventional long form: none conventional short form: Western Sahara former: Spanish Sahara	conventional long form: Territorial Collectivity of Saint Pierre and Miquelon conventional short form: Saint Pierre and Miquelon local long form: Departement de Saint-Pierre et Miquelon local short form: Saint-Pierre et Miquelon
Currency	-	euro (EUR); French franc (FRF)
Death rate	NA	6.61 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Debt - external	$NA	$NA
Dependency status	-	self-governing territorial collectivity of France
Diplomatic representation from the US	none	none (territorial collectivity of France)
Diplomatic representation in the US	none	none (territorial collectivity of France)
Disputes - international	Morocco claims and administers Western Sahara, whose sovereignty remains unresolved; UN-administered cease-fire has remained in effect since September 1991, administered by the UN Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO), but attempts to hold a referendum have failed and parties thus far have rejected all brokered proposals; several states have extended diplomatic relations to the "Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic" represented by the Polisario Front in exile in Algeria, while others recognize Moroccan sovereignty over Western Sahara; most of the approximately 102,000 Sahrawi refugees are sheltered in camps in Tindouf, Algeria	none
Economic aid - recipient	$NA	approximately $60 million in annual grants from France
Economy - overview	Western Sahara depends on pastoral nomadism, fishing, and phosphate mining as the principal sources of income for the population. The territory lacks sufficient rainfall for sustainable agricultural production, and most of the food for the urban population must be imported. Incomes in Western Sahara are substantially below the Moroccan level. The Moroccan Government controls all trade and other economic activities in Western Sahara. Morocco and the EU signed a four-year agreement in July 2006 allowing European vessels to fish off the coast of Morocco, including the disputed waters off the coast of Western Sahara. Moroccan energy interests in 2001 signed contracts to explore for oil off the coast of Western Sahara, which has angered the Polisario. However, in 2006 the Polisario awarded similar exploration licenses in the disputed territory, which would come into force if Morocco and the Polisario resolve their dispute over Western Sahara.	The inhabitants have traditionally earned their livelihood by fishing and by servicing fishing fleets operating off the coast of Newfoundland. The economy has been declining, however, because of disputes with Canada over fishing quotas and a steady decline in the number of ships stopping at Saint Pierre. In 1992, an arbitration panel awarded the islands an exclusive economic zone of 12,348 sq km to settle a longstanding territorial dispute with Canada, although it represents only 25% of what France had sought. The islands are heavily subsidized by France to the great betterment of living standards. The government hopes an expansion of tourism will boost economic prospects. Recent test drilling for oil may pave the way for development of the energy sector.
Electricity - consumption	79.05 million kWh (2005)	38.13 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2005)	0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2005)	0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - production	85 million kWh (2005)	41 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - production by source	-	fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Sebjet Tah -55 m highest point: unnamed location 463 m	lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Morne de la Grande Montagne 240 m
Environment - current issues	sparse water and lack of arable land	recent test drilling for oil in waters around Saint Pierre and Miquelon may bring future development that would impact the environment
Environment - international agreements	party to: none of the selected agreements signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements	-
Ethnic groups	Arab, Berber	Basques and Bretons (French fishermen)
Exchange rates	Moroccan dirhams per US dollar - 8.2827 (2007), 8.7722 (2006), 8.865 (2005), 8.868 (2004), 9.5744 (2003)	euros per US dollar - 1.06594 (January 2001), 1.08540 (2000), 0.93863 (1999); French francs per US dollar - 5.8995 (1998), 5.8367 (1997)
Executive branch	none	chief of state: President Jacques CHIRAC of France (since 17 May 1995), represented by Prefect Claude VALLEIX (since 9 October 2002) head of government: President of the General Council Marc PLANTAGENEST (since NA) cabinet: NA elections: French president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held, first round - 21 April 2002, second round - 5 May 2002 (next to be held NA 2007); prefect appointed by the French president on the advice of the French Ministry of Interior; president of the General Council is elected by the members of the council
Exports	0 bbl/day (2004)	$12 million f.o.b. (1999)
Exports - commodities	phosphates 62%	fish and fish products, soybeans, animal feed, mollusks and crustaceans, fox and mink pelts
Exports - partners	Morocco claims and administers Western Sahara, so trade partners are included in overall Moroccan accounts (2006)	US 43%, Egypt 14%, Japan 11%, Colombia 8% (1999)
Fiscal year	calendar year	calendar year
Flag description	-	a yellow sailing ship facing the hoist side rides on a dark blue background with a black wave line under the ship; on the hoist side, a vertical band is divided into three parts: the top part is red with a green diagonal cross extending to the corners overlaid by a white cross dividing the square into four sections; the middle part has a white background with an ermine pattern; the third part has a red background with two stylized yellow lions outlined in black, one on top of the other; the flag of France is used for official occasions
GDP	-	purchasing power parity - $74 million (1996 est.); supplemented by annual payments from France of about $60 million (1996 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: 40%	agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA%
GDP - per capita	-	purchasing power parity - $11,000 (1996 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	NA%	NA%
Geographic coordinates	24 30 N, 13 00 W	46 50 N, 56 20 W
Geography - note	the waters off the coast are particularly rich fishing areas	vegetation scanty
Highways	-	total: 114 km paved: 69 km unpaved: 45 km (1994 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Imports	1,698 bbl/day (2004)	$55 million f.o.b. (1999)
Imports - commodities	fuel for fishing fleet, foodstuffs	meat, clothing, fuel, electrical equipment, machinery, building materials
Imports - partners	Morocco claims and administers Western Sahara, so trade partners are included in overall Moroccan accounts (2006)	France 44%, Canada 40% (1999)
Independence	-	none (territorial collectivity of France; has been under French control since 1763)
Industrial production growth rate	NA%	NA%
Industries	phosphate mining, handicrafts	fish processing and supply base for fishing fleets; tourism
Infant mortality rate	total: NA male: NA female: NA	8.18 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	NA%	2.1% (1991-96 average)
International organization participation	none	FZ, WFTU
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	-	1 (2000)
Irrigated land	NA	NA sq km
Judicial branch	-	Superior Tribunal of Appeals or Tribunal Superieur d'Appel
Labor force	12,000	3,000 (1997) (1997)
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture: 50% industry and services: 50%	fishing 18%, industry (mainly fish-processing) 41%, services 41% (1996 est.)
Land boundaries	total: 2,046 km border countries: Algeria 42 km, Mauritania 1,561 km, Morocco 443 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 0.02% permanent crops: 0% other: 99.98% (2005)	arable land: 13.04% permanent crops: 0% other: 86.96% (1998 est.)
Languages	Hassaniya Arabic, Moroccan Arabic	French (official)
Legal system	-	French law with special adaptations for local conditions, such as housing and taxation
Legislative branch	-	unicameral General Council or Conseil General (19 seats - 15 from Saint Pierre and 4 from Miquelon; members are elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms) elections: elections last held 19 and 26 March 2000 (next to be held NA April 2006) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PS 12, PRG 2, UDF-RPR 5 note: Saint Pierre and Miquelon elect 1 seat to the French Senate; elections last held NA September 1995 (next to be held NA September 2004); results - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - RPR 1; Saint Pierre and Miquelon also elects 1 seat to the French National Assembly; elections last held, first round - 9 June 2002, second round - 16 June 2002 (next to be held NA 2007); results - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - UDF 1
Life expectancy at birth	total population: NA male: NA female: NA	total population: 77.93 years male: 75.66 years female: 80.32 years (2002 est.)
Literacy	NA	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 99% male: 99% female: 99% (1982 est.)
Location	Northern Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Mauritania and Morocco	Northern North America, islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, south of Newfoundland (Canada)
Map references	Africa	North America
Maritime claims	contingent upon resolution of sovereignty issue	exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine	-	none (2002 est.)
Military - note	-	defense is the responsibility of France
National holiday	-	Bastille Day, 14 July (1789)
Nationality	noun: Sahrawi(s), Sahraoui(s) adjective: Sahrawi, Sahrawian, Sahraouian	noun: Frenchman(men), Frenchwoman(women) adjective: French
Natural hazards	hot, dry, dust/sand-laden sirocco wind can occur during winter and spring; widespread harmattan haze exists 60% of time, often severely restricting visibility	persistent fog throughout the year can be a maritime hazard
Natural resources	phosphates, iron ore	fish, deepwater ports
Net migration rate	-	-4.89 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Political parties and leaders	-	PRG [leader NA]; Rassemblement pour la Republique or RPR [leader NA]; Socialist Party or PS [leader NA]; Union pour la Democratie Francaise or UDF [leader NA]
Political pressure groups and leaders	none	NA
Population	382,617 note: estimate is based on projections by age, sex, fertility, mortality, and migration; fertility and mortality are based on data from neighboring countries (July 2007 est.)	6,954 (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA%	NA%
Population growth rate	NA	0.35% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors	-	Saint Pierre
Radio broadcast stations	AM 2, FM 0, shortwave 0 (1998)	AM 1, FM 4, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios	-	4,000 (1997)
Railways	-	0 km
Religions	Muslim	Roman Catholic 99%
Sex ratio	NA	at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/female total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
Suffrage	none; a UN-sponsored voter identification campaign not yet completed	18 years of age; universal
Telephone system	general assessment: sparse and limited system domestic: NA international: country code - 212; tied into Morocco's system by microwave radio relay, tropospheric scatter, and satellite; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) linked to Rabat, Morocco	general assessment: adequate domestic: NA international: radiotelephone communication with most countries in the world; 1 earth station in French domestic satellite system
Telephones - main lines in use	about 2,000 (1999 est.)	4,000 (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular	0 (1999)	0 (1994)
Television broadcast stations	NA	0 (there are, however, two repeaters which rebroadcast programs from France, Canada, and the US) (1997)
Terrain	mostly low, flat desert with large areas of rocky or sandy surfaces rising to small mountains in south and northeast	mostly barren rock
Total fertility rate	NA	2.1 children born/woman (2002 est.)
Unemployment rate	NA%	9.8% (1997) (1997)
Waterways	-	none

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